█ My Story from the Inside
I worked at a hedge fund in Europe, where I served as a Risk Advisor. One thing I never expected before joining the institutional side of the market was this:
Instead, they looked at the first hour of the next day — once all pending flows had settled, rebalancing was done, and execution dust had cleared — that was the true close in their eyes.
Here’s why that changed everything I knew about trading:
█ Institutional Reality vs Retail Fantasy
⚪Retail traders are taught:
“The daily close is the most important price of the day.” But institutions operate under constraints that most retail traders are never exposed to:
So while the market might close on paper at 17:30 CET, the real trading — the stuff that matters to funds — might not wrap up until 09:30 or 10:00 the next morning.
And that’s the price risk managers, portfolio managers, and execution teams internally treat as the reference point.
█ Example: The Rebalance Spillover
Let’s say a fund needs to offload €100 million worth of tech stocks before month-end. They start into the close, but liquidity is thin. Slippage mounts. They pause execution. Next morning, their algo resumes — quietly but aggressively — in the first 30 minutes of trade.
You see a sharp spike. Then a reversal. Then another surge.
That’s not noise. That’s structure. It’s the result of unfinished business from yesterday.
█ Why the First Hour is a War Zone
You’ve probably seen it:
Here’s what’s happening under the hood:
The market’s not reacting to fresh news — it’s completing its old to-do list.
█ What the Research Really Says About Morning Volatility
The idea that "the true close happens the next morning" isn’t just insider intuition — it’s backed by market microstructure research that highlights how institutional behaviors disrupt the clean narrative of the official close.
Here’s what the literature reveals:
█ Heston, Korajczyk & Sadka (2010)
Their study on intraday return patterns shows that returns continue at predictable 30-minute intervals, especially around the open.
The key driver? Institutional order flow imbalances.
When big funds can’t complete trades at the close, they spill into the next session, creating mechanical, non-informational momentum during the first hour. These delayed executions are visible as persistent price drifts after the open, not random volatility.
█ Wei Li & Steven Wang (SSRN 2010)
This paper dives into the asymmetric impact of institutional trades. It shows that when institutions are forced to adjust positions — often due to risk limits, inflows/outflows, or model-based triggers — the market reacts most violently in the early hours of the day.
When funds lag behind the clock, the next morning becomes a catch-up window, and price volatility spikes accordingly.
█ Lars Nordén (Doctoral Thesis, Swedish Stock Exchange)
In his microstructure research, Nordén found that the variance of returns is highest in the early part of the session, not at the close. This is especially true on days following macro events or at the end/start of reporting periods.
The data implies that institutions “price in” what they couldn’t execute the day before, making the next morning more informative than the actual close.
█ Bottom Line from the Research:
These studies reinforce that price discovery is a rolling process, and for institutional flows, the official close is just a checkpoint, not a final destination.
█ How to Use This as a Trader
⚪ Don't assume the official close is final
Treat it as a temporary bookmark. Watch what happens in the first hour of the next day — that’s when intentions are revealed.
⚪ Volume in the first 30–60 minutes matters
It’s not noise — it’s flow completion. Often non-price-sensitive. Often mechanical.
⚪ Design strategies around “true close” logic
Test fade setups after the first hour’s range is established. That’s often the real “settled” level.
⚪ Use the first-hour VWAP or midpoint as a reference
Institutions may anchor to that — not the official close — for mean reversion or risk metrics.
█ Final Thought
And unless you understand how institutions truly close their books — and how long that takes — you’ll always be a step behind.
So next time you see chaos at the open, stop calling it random.
-----------------
Disclaimer
The content provided in my scripts, indicators, ideas, algorithms, and systems is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice, investment recommendations, or a solicitation to buy or sell any financial instruments. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, backtest, or individual's trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on an evaluation of their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.
I worked at a hedge fund in Europe, where I served as a Risk Advisor. One thing I never expected before joining the institutional side of the market was this:
They didn’t treat the current day’s close as the "true" close of the market.
Instead, they looked at the first hour of the next day — once all pending flows had settled, rebalancing was done, and execution dust had cleared — that was the true close in their eyes.
Here’s why that changed everything I knew about trading:
█ Institutional Reality vs Retail Fantasy
⚪Retail traders are taught:
“The daily close is the most important price of the day.” But institutions operate under constraints that most retail traders are never exposed to:
- Orders too large to fill before the bell
- Internal compliance and execution delays
- Batch algorithms and VWAP/TWAP systems that extend into the next session
So while the market might close on paper at 17:30 CET, the real trading — the stuff that matters to funds — might not wrap up until 09:30 or 10:00 the next morning.
Although the official “close” prints here, institutional volume ends quickly. It drops off sharply, almost immediately. Once the books are closed and final prints are done, big players exit — and what's left is thin, passive flow or noise.
The first hour of the New York session reveals structured flows, not random volatility. This is where institutions finalize yesterday’s unfinished business, which is why many consider this the “true” close.
And that’s the price risk managers, portfolio managers, and execution teams internally treat as the reference point.
█ Example: The Rebalance Spillover
Let’s say a fund needs to offload €100 million worth of tech stocks before month-end. They start into the close, but liquidity is thin. Slippage mounts. They pause execution. Next morning, their algo resumes — quietly but aggressively — in the first 30 minutes of trade.
You see a sharp spike. Then a reversal. Then another surge.
That’s not noise. That’s structure. It’s the result of unfinished business from yesterday.
█ Why the First Hour is a War Zone
You’ve probably seen it:
- Prices whip back and forth at the open
- Yesterday’s key levels are revisited, sometimes violently
- Big moves happen without any overnight news
Here’s what’s happening under the hood:
- Rebalancing spillovers from the day before
- Late-position adjustments from inflows/outflows
- Risk parity or vol-targeting models triggering trades based on overnight data
The market’s not reacting to fresh news — it’s completing its old to-do list.
█ What the Research Really Says About Morning Volatility
The idea that "the true close happens the next morning" isn’t just insider intuition — it’s backed by market microstructure research that highlights how institutional behaviors disrupt the clean narrative of the official close.
Here’s what the literature reveals:
█ Heston, Korajczyk & Sadka (2010)
Their study on intraday return patterns shows that returns continue at predictable 30-minute intervals, especially around the open.
The key driver? Institutional order flow imbalances.
When big funds can’t complete trades at the close, they spill into the next session, creating mechanical, non-informational momentum during the first hour. These delayed executions are visible as persistent price drifts after the open, not random volatility.
█ Wei Li & Steven Wang (SSRN 2010)
This paper dives into the asymmetric impact of institutional trades. It shows that when institutions are forced to adjust positions — often due to risk limits, inflows/outflows, or model-based triggers — the market reacts most violently in the early hours of the day.
When funds lag behind the clock, the next morning becomes a catch-up window, and price volatility spikes accordingly.
█ Lars Nordén (Doctoral Thesis, Swedish Stock Exchange)
In his microstructure research, Nordén found that the variance of returns is highest in the early part of the session, not at the close. This is especially true on days following macro events or at the end/start of reporting periods.
The data implies that institutions “price in” what they couldn’t execute the day before, making the next morning more informative than the actual close.
█ Bottom Line from the Research:
- The first hour isn’t wild because it’s full of emotion.
- It’s wild because it’s full of unfinished business.
These studies reinforce that price discovery is a rolling process, and for institutional flows, the official close is just a checkpoint, not a final destination.
█ How to Use This as a Trader
⚪ Don't assume the official close is final
Treat it as a temporary bookmark. Watch what happens in the first hour of the next day — that’s when intentions are revealed.
⚪ Volume in the first 30–60 minutes matters
It’s not noise — it’s flow completion. Often non-price-sensitive. Often mechanical.
⚪ Design strategies around “true close” logic
Test fade setups after the first hour’s range is established. That’s often the real “settled” level.
⚪ Use the first-hour VWAP or midpoint as a reference
Institutions may anchor to that — not the official close — for mean reversion or risk metrics.
█ Final Thought
- The first hour is not the start of something new.
- It’s the conclusion of yesterday’s market.
And unless you understand how institutions truly close their books — and how long that takes — you’ll always be a step behind.
So next time you see chaos at the open, stop calling it random.
👉 It’s just the market putting yesterday to bed — late.
-----------------
Disclaimer
The content provided in my scripts, indicators, ideas, algorithms, and systems is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice, investment recommendations, or a solicitation to buy or sell any financial instruments. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, backtest, or individual's trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on an evaluation of their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.
Access my indicators at: zeiierman.com/
Join Our Free Discord: discord.gg/zeiiermantrading
Join Our Free Discord: discord.gg/zeiiermantrading
Related publications
Disclaimer
The information and publications are not meant to be, and do not constitute, financial, investment, trading, or other types of advice or recommendations supplied or endorsed by TradingView. Read more in the Terms of Use.
Access my indicators at: zeiierman.com/
Join Our Free Discord: discord.gg/zeiiermantrading
Join Our Free Discord: discord.gg/zeiiermantrading
Related publications
Disclaimer
The information and publications are not meant to be, and do not constitute, financial, investment, trading, or other types of advice or recommendations supplied or endorsed by TradingView. Read more in the Terms of Use.